Family history and the risk of early onset persistent, early onset transient and late onset asthma
NIHPA Author Manuscripts
Family history of asthma and allergies strongly influences asthma risk in children but the association may differ for early onset persistent, early onset transient, and late onset asthma. We analyzed the relation between family history and these types of asthma using cross-sectional data from a school-based study of 5,046 Southern California children. Parental and/or sibling history of asthma and allergy were generally more strongly associated with early onset persistent asthma compared with early onset transient or late onset asthma. For children with two asthmatic parents relative to those with none, the prevalence ratio (PR) for early onset persistent asthma was 12.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.91–18.7] compared with 7.51 (95% CI 2.62–21.5) for early onset transient asthma and 5.38 (95% CI 3.40–8.50) for late onset asthma. Maternal smoking in pregnancy was predominantly related to the risk of early onset persistent asthma in the presence of parental history of allergy and asthma and the joint effects were more than additive (interaction contrast ratio = 3.10, 95% CI 1.45–4.75). Our results confirm earlier data that parental history of asthma and allergy is most strongly associated with early onset persistent asthma and suggest that among genetically predisposed children, an early life environmental exposure, maternal smoking during pregnancy, favors the development of early onset asthma that persists into later early childhood.
Family history of asthma and allergies strongly influences asthma risk in children but the association may differ for early onset persistent, early onset transient, and late onset asthma. We analyzed the relation between family history and these types of asthma using cross-sectional data from a school-based study of 5,046 Southern California children. Parental and/or sibling history of asthma and allergy were generally more strongly associated with early onset persistent asthma compared with early onset transient or late onset asthma. For children with two asthmatic parents relative to those with none, the prevalence ratio (PR) for early onset persistent asthma was 12.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.91–18.7] compared with 7.51 (95% CI 2.62–21.5) for early onset transient asthma and 5.38 (95% CI 3.40–8.50) for late onset asthma. Maternal smoking in pregnancy was predominantly related to the risk of early onset persistent asthma in the presence of parental history of allergy and asthma and the joint effects were more than additive (interaction contrast ratio = 3.10, 95% CI 1.45–4.75). Our results confirm earlier data that parental history of asthma and allergy is most strongly associated with early onset persistent asthma and suggest that among genetically predisposed children, an early life environmental exposure, maternal smoking during pregnancy, favors the development of early onset asthma that persists into later early childhood.
Keywords: asthma, wheeze, genetic susceptibility, parental, smoking, pregnancy, in utero, sibling
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